Geographical Indications (GI) are Intellectual Property Rights that are defined in international agreements (ADPIC, Lisbon agreement) as well as in multilateral (European regulation, and other regional laws) and national laws. This paper presents preliminary research results from a vast data collection and analysis of the economic impacts of GI processes worldwide. GI "processes" are understood as the pathways from product having strong reputation, to the group of concerned stakeholders and especially the producers (farmers and processors), along the interaction with public authorities in charge of the registration and the protection of the use of the related geographical name. Nine case studies have been selected in order to offer a range of situations by ensuring diversity of countries, agricultural sectors, markets, size of the value chain, legal protection framework (sui generis or trademark), and type of strategies (promotion or protection).