Due to both physiological and economic reasons, rabbits have proven very useful as biomedical models for humans. However, genome-wide expression studies targeting the immune response are still limited in this species. We have designed a long oligonucleotide-based DNA microarray by combining a generic Agilent rabbit gene expression microarray with missing well-annotated genes known to be involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Rabbit peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and either mock-stimulated or stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or a mixture of phorbol myristate (PMA) and ionomycin for 4 (T4) and 24 (T24) h. After statistical analyses using LIMMA package in R, we have shown that the number of differentially expressed genes after PMA/ionomycin stimulation was 20 and 24 times higher at T4 and T24, respectively, compared to the LPS stimulation at similar time points. At T4, LPS stimulation induced an over-expression (FDR<0.05) of pro-inflammatory (IL23A) or regulatory (ILI2A) cytokines and chemokine molecules (CXCLIl), but a dawn-regulation of the LPS receptor CD14. At T24 , ILIB, IL10, IL23A and IL36G were found over-expressed. At T4, PMA/ionomycin induced both Th1 (IL2 and IL1O) and Th2 responses (IL4 and IL13). NFKBID and TBX21 were over-expressed whereas IL16, LTB and CD79B were found significantly down-regulated. At T24, IL2 and IL4 were still found over­ expressed after PMA/ionomycin stimulation whereas IL1R2 and ILlB were down-regulated. Part of our results agrees with a similar previous report on the transcriptome of pig PBMCs. A microarray enriched in immunity-related genes is now available and can be used as a new tool for genome-wide expression studies of immunity in the rabbit species.