Soil, water, plant and animal diversity, vegetation cover, renewable energy sources, climate, and ecosystem services are fundamental capital in support of life on earth [Global Chapter 1]. Natural resource systems, especially those of soil, water and biodiversity, are fundamental to the structure and function of agricultural systems and to social and environmental sustainability [Global Chapter 3]. The IAASTD report focuses primarily on the agronomic use of natural resources. Extractive processes such as logging, wild harvesting of non-timber forest products, captive fisheries [SSA SDM], while recognized as being important, are only addressed minimally here as they have been the focus of other global asses