A genetic approach of wine yeast fermentation capacity in nitrogen-starvation reveals the key role of nitrogen signaling.
Résumé
Background: In conditions of nitrogen limitation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains differ in their fermentation
capacities, due to differences in their nitrogen requirements. The mechanisms ensuring the maintenance of
glycolytic flux in these conditions are unknown. We investigated the genetic basis of these differences, by
studying quantitative trait loci (QTL) in a population of 133 individuals from the F2 segregant population
generated from a cross between two strains with different nitrogen requirements for efficient fermentation.
Results: By comparing two bulks of segregants with low and high nitrogen requirements, we detected four
regions making a quantitative contribution to these traits. We identified four polymorphic genes, in three of these
four regions, for which involvement in the phenotype was validated by hemizygote comparison. The functions of
the four validated genes, GCN1, MDS3, ARG81 and BIO3, relate to key roles in nitrogen metabolism and signaling,
helping to maintain fermentation performance.
Conclusions: This study reveals that differences in nitrogen requirement between yeast strains results from a
complex allelic combination. The identification of three genes involved in sensing and signaling nitrogen and
specially one from the TOR pathway as affecting nitrogen requirements suggests a role for this pathway in
regulating the fermentation rate in starvation through unknown mechanisms linking nitrogen signaling to
glycolytic flux.
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