The translational initiation factors eIF4E represent the main resistance to Potyvirus as well as to other families of plant RNA virus. Although those factors are encoded by small multigenic families, it has been shown that each virus can only use specific eIF4E to perfom its cycle in plants. Often, this coincides with the ability of the virus VPg to interact with those host proteins. Using Arabidopsis transgenic approaches, we aimed at better understanding the basis of the virus specificity for eIF4E.