This chapter analyzes decision‐making behaviors of supply‐chain managers in order to assess their potential impact on the local performance of each node of the logistic system, as well as on the overall performance of the supply chain. The research is based on a modeling approach and thus, necessarily, on restrictive hypotheses, notably concerning the way to represent decision behaviors. The chapter highlights the strong complementarity between two distinct scientific approaches applied to analyze the performance of identical systems. It introduces the two scientific approaches used: game theory and experimental economics methodology. The chapter precisely defines the decision situation of the inventory management considered in this research, before developing the results of the game theory and application of the experimental economics protocol. Finally, the chapter summarizes the added value of the method and introduces further perspectives.