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Article Dans Une Revue Nature Ecology & Evolution Année : 2018

Pezizomycetes genomes reveal the molecular basis of ectomycorrhizal truffle lifestyle

Claude Murat
Thibaut Payen
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Emmanuelle Morin
Annegret Kohler
Raffaella Balestrini
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Matthieu Hainaut
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Kerrie Barry
Laure Fauchery
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Antonietta Mello
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Virginie Molinier
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Shingo Miyauchi
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Julie Poulain
Yaron Sitrit
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Daniel Wipf
Minou Nowrousian
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Patrick Wincker
Paola Bonfante
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Francis Martin
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Résumé

Tuberaceae is one of the most diverse lineages of symbiotic truffle-forming fungi. To understand the molecular underpinning of the ectomycorrhizal truffle lifestyle, we compared the genomes of Piedmont white truffle (Tuber magnatum), Périgord black truffle (Tuber melanosporum), Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum), pig truffle (Choiromyces venosus) and desert truffle (Terfezia boudieri) to saprotrophic Pezizomycetes. Reconstructed gene duplication/loss histories along a time-calibrated phylogeny of Ascomycetes revealed that Tuberaceae-specific traits may be related to a higher gene diversification rate. Genomic features in Tuber species appear to be very similar, with high transposon content, few genes coding lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, a substantial set of lineage-specific fruiting-body-upregulated genes and high expression of genes involved in volatile organic compound metabolism. Developmental and metabolic pathways expressed in ectomycorrhizae and fruiting bodies of T. magnatum and T. melanosporum are unexpectedly very similar, owing to the fact that they diverged ~100 Ma. Volatile organic compounds from pungent truffle odours are not the products of Tuber-specific gene innovations, but rely on the differential expression of an existing gene repertoire. These genomic resources will help to address fundamental questions in the evolution of the truffle lifestyle and the ecology of fungi that have been praised as food delicacies for centuries.
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hal-02094494 , version 1 (12-06-2019)

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Claude Murat, Thibaut Payen, Benjamin Noël, Alan Kuo, Emmanuelle Morin, et al.. Pezizomycetes genomes reveal the molecular basis of ectomycorrhizal truffle lifestyle. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2018, 2 (12), pp.1956-1965. ⟨10.1038/s41559-018-0710-4⟩. ⟨hal-02094494⟩
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