Permanent grasslands are both an important forage resource for livestock systems that use a rich ecosystem and biodiversity that depend heavily on farming practices. Based on a series of models built at different scales and connecting the dynamics of two grassland birds that graze the canopy, the key objective of this study is to show how the practices of breeding farms are levers for reconciling the productive dimension and ecological performance of these agroecosystems. The models are built as part of the mathematical theory of sustainability that allows searching for conditions to maintain a dynamic system within a set of constraints. The results of this study show that at every level of organization, from plot to landscape, is a lever to reconcile the productive dimension and ecological performance. These results point to the limits of agri-environmental measures that are based on objective means and defined at the plot level.